Table 1_Retinal microvascular density and inner thickness in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment.docx

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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major healthcare challenge, with existing diagnostics being costly/infeasible. This study explores retinal biomarkers from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) as a cost-effective and non-invasive solution to differentiate AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsParticipants from the CALLIOPE Research Program were classified as “Dem” (AD and early AD), “MCI,” and “HCs” using neuropsychological tests a

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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major healthcare challenge, with existing diagnostics being costly/infeasible. This study explores retinal biomarkers from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) as a cost-effective and non-invasive solution to differentiate AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsParticipants from the CALLIOPE Research Program were classified as “Dem” (AD and early AD), “MCI,” and “HCs” using neuropsychological tests a