Data Sheet 1_Retinal biomarkers for the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia.docx

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PurposeDifferentiating between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be challenging due to overlapping cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Evidence regarding non-invasive and early-stage biomarkers remains limited. Our aim was to identify retinal biomarkers for the risk of AD and FTD in populations without dementia and explore underlying brain structural mechanisms.MethodsWe included a total of 3,0573 UK Biobank participants without dementia, ocular disorders, and d

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PurposeDifferentiating between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be challenging due to overlapping cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Evidence regarding non-invasive and early-stage biomarkers remains limited. Our aim was to identify retinal biomarkers for the risk of AD and FTD in populations without dementia and explore underlying brain structural mechanisms.MethodsWe included a total of 3,0573 UK Biobank participants without dementia, ocular disorders, and d